diff --git a/src/dns.c b/src/dns.c
index c2b0700..42a3b20 100644
--- a/src/dns.c
+++ b/src/dns.c
@@ -274,6 +274,10 @@ static int _dns_encode_domain(struct dns_context *context, const char *domain)
 		total_len++;
 		if (dict_offset >= 0) {
 			int offset = 0xc000 | dict_offset;
+			if (_dns_left_len(context) < 2) {
+				return -1;
+			}
+
 			_dns_write_short(&ptr_num, offset);
 			context->ptr++;
 			ptr_num = NULL;
@@ -295,6 +299,10 @@ static int _dns_encode_domain(struct dns_context *context, const char *domain)
 		domain++;
 	}
 
+	if (_dns_left_len(context) < 1) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
 	*ptr_num = num;
 
 	if (total_len > 1) {
@@ -575,7 +583,7 @@ struct dns_rr_nested *dns_add_rr_nested_start(struct dns_rr_nested *rr_nested_bu
 	return rr_nested_buffer;
 }
 
-int dns_add_rr_nested_memcpy(struct dns_rr_nested *rr_nested, void *data, int data_len)
+int dns_add_rr_nested_memcpy(struct dns_rr_nested *rr_nested, const void *data, int data_len)
 {
 	if (rr_nested == NULL || data == NULL || data_len <= 0) {
 		return -1;
@@ -603,6 +611,12 @@ int dns_add_rr_nested_end(struct dns_rr_nested *rr_nested, dns_type_t rtype)
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	/* NO SVC keys, reset ptr */
+	if (len <= 14) {
+		rr_nested->context.ptr = rr_nested->rr_start;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	_dns_write_short(&ptr, len - rr_nested->rr_head_len);
 
 	return _dns_rr_add_end(rr_nested->context.packet, rr_nested->type, rtype, len);
@@ -1076,7 +1090,12 @@ int dns_add_HTTPS_start(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam_buffer, struct dns_packet
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	int target_len = strnlen(target, DNS_MAX_CNAME_LEN) + 1;
+	int target_len = 0;
+	if (target == NULL) {
+		target = "";
+	}
+
+	target_len = strnlen(target, DNS_MAX_CNAME_LEN) + 1;
 	if (_dns_left_len(&svcparam_buffer->context) < 2 + target_len) {
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -1117,6 +1136,22 @@ int dns_HTTPS_add_port(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned short port)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int dns_HTTPS_add_alpn(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, const char *alpn, int alpn_len)
+{
+	if (_dns_left_len(&svcparam->context) < 2 + 2 + alpn_len) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	unsigned short value = DNS_HTTPS_T_ALPN;
+	dns_add_rr_nested_memcpy(svcparam, &value, 2);
+
+	value = alpn_len;
+	dns_add_rr_nested_memcpy(svcparam, &value, 2);
+	dns_add_rr_nested_memcpy(svcparam, alpn, alpn_len);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int dns_HTTPS_add_ech(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, void *ech, int ech_len)
 {
 	if (_dns_left_len(&svcparam->context) < 2 + 2 + ech_len) {
@@ -1133,7 +1168,7 @@ int dns_HTTPS_add_ech(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, void *ech, int ech_len)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int dns_HTTPS_add_ipv4hint(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned char addr[][DNS_RR_A_LEN], int addr_num)
+int dns_HTTPS_add_ipv4hint(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned char *addr[], int addr_num)
 {
 	if (_dns_left_len(&svcparam->context) < 4 + addr_num * DNS_RR_A_LEN) {
 		return -1;
@@ -1151,7 +1186,8 @@ int dns_HTTPS_add_ipv4hint(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned char addr[][
 
 	return 0;
 }
-int dns_HTTPS_add_ipv6hint(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned char addr[][DNS_RR_AAAA_LEN], int addr_num)
+
+int dns_HTTPS_add_ipv6hint(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned char *addr[], int addr_num)
 {
 	if (_dns_left_len(&svcparam->context) < 4 + addr_num * DNS_RR_AAAA_LEN) {
 		return -1;
@@ -1175,8 +1211,8 @@ int dns_add_HTTPS_end(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam)
 	return dns_add_rr_nested_end(svcparam, DNS_T_HTTPS);
 }
 
-struct dns_https_param *dns_get_HTTPS_svcparm_start(struct dns_rrs *rrs, char *domain, int maxsize, int *ttl,
-													int *priority, char *target, int target_size)
+int dns_get_HTTPS_svcparm_start(struct dns_rrs *rrs, struct dns_https_param **https_param, char *domain, int maxsize,
+								int *ttl, int *priority, char *target, int target_size)
 {
 	int qtype = 0;
 	unsigned char *data = NULL;
@@ -1184,32 +1220,39 @@ struct dns_https_param *dns_get_HTTPS_svcparm_start(struct dns_rrs *rrs, char *d
 
 	data = dns_get_rr_nested_start(rrs, domain, maxsize, &qtype, ttl, &rr_len);
 	if (data == NULL) {
-		return NULL;
+		return -1;
 	}
 
 	if (qtype != DNS_T_HTTPS) {
-		return NULL;
+		return -1;
 	}
 
 	if (rr_len < 2) {
-		return NULL;
+		return -1;
 	}
 
 	*priority = _dns_read_short(&data);
 	rr_len -= 2;
 	if (rr_len <= 0) {
-		return NULL;
+		return -1;
 	}
 
 	int len = strnlen((char *)data, rr_len);
 	safe_strncpy(target, (char *)data, target_size);
 	data += len + 1;
 	rr_len -= len + 1;
-	if (rr_len <= 0) {
-		return NULL;
+	if (rr_len < 0) {
+		return -1;
 	}
 
-	return (struct dns_https_param *)data;
+	if (rr_len == 0) {
+		*https_param = NULL;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	*https_param = (struct dns_https_param *)data;
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 struct dns_https_param *dns_get_HTTPS_svcparm_next(struct dns_rrs *rrs, struct dns_https_param *param)
@@ -1925,12 +1968,16 @@ static int _dns_encode_HTTPS(struct dns_context *context, struct dns_rrs *rrs)
 	int priority = 0;
 	struct dns_https_param *param = NULL;
 
-	param = dns_get_HTTPS_svcparm_start(rrs, domain, DNS_MAX_CNAME_LEN, &ttl, &priority, target, DNS_MAX_CNAME_LEN);
-	if (param == NULL) {
-		tlog(TLOG_ERROR, "get https param failed.");
-		return -1;
+	ret =
+		dns_get_HTTPS_svcparm_start(rrs, &param, domain, DNS_MAX_CNAME_LEN, &ttl, &priority, target, DNS_MAX_CNAME_LEN);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		tlog(TLOG_DEBUG, "get https param failed.");
+		return 0;
 	}
 
+	qtype = DNS_T_HTTPS;
+	qclass = DNS_C_IN;
+
 	ret = _dns_encode_rr_head(context, domain, qtype, qclass, ttl, 0, &rr_len_ptr);
 	if (ret < 0) {
 		return -1;
@@ -1954,6 +2001,10 @@ static int _dns_encode_HTTPS(struct dns_context *context, struct dns_rrs *rrs)
 			return -1;
 		}
 
+		if (param->len + 4 > _dns_left_len(context)) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+
 		_dns_write_short(&context->ptr, param->key);
 		_dns_write_short(&context->ptr, param->len);
 		switch (param->key) {
@@ -1974,6 +2025,10 @@ static int _dns_encode_HTTPS(struct dns_context *context, struct dns_rrs *rrs)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (_dns_left_len(context) < 2) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
 	_dns_write_short(&rr_len_ptr, context->ptr - rr_start);
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/src/dns.h b/src/dns.h
index ad24a13..8bd9ee6 100644
--- a/src/dns.h
+++ b/src/dns.h
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ extern "C" {
 #define DNS_IN_PACKSIZE (512 * 8)
 #define DNS_PACKSIZE (512 * 12)
 #define DNS_DEFAULT_PACKET_SIZE 512
+#define DNS_MAX_ALPN_LEN 32
+#define DNS_MAX_ECH_LEN 256
 
 #define DNS_ADDR_FAMILY_IP 1
 #define DNS_ADDR_FAMILY_IPV6 2
@@ -236,7 +238,7 @@ struct dns_rrs *dns_get_rrs_start(struct dns_packet *packet, dns_rr_type type, i
 struct dns_rr_nested *dns_add_rr_nested_start(struct dns_rr_nested *rr_nested_buffer, struct dns_packet *packet,
 											  dns_rr_type type, dns_type_t rtype, const char *domain, int ttl);
 int dns_add_rr_nested_end(struct dns_rr_nested *rr_nested, dns_type_t rtype);
-int dns_add_rr_nested_memcpy(struct dns_rr_nested *rr_nested, void *data, int data_len);
+int dns_add_rr_nested_memcpy(struct dns_rr_nested *rr_nested, const void *data, int data_len);
 
 void *dns_get_rr_nested_start(struct dns_rrs *rrs, char *domain, int maxsize, int *qtype, int *ttl, int *rr_len);
 void *dns_get_rr_nested_next(struct dns_rrs *rrs, void *rr_nested, int rr_nested_len);
@@ -280,19 +282,26 @@ int dns_add_OPT_TCP_KEEPALIVE(struct dns_packet *packet, unsigned short timeout)
 int dns_get_OPT_TCP_KEEPALIVE(struct dns_rrs *rrs, unsigned short *opt_code, unsigned short *opt_len,
 							  unsigned short *timeout);
 
+/* the key must be added in orders, or dig will report FORMERR */
 int dns_add_HTTPS_start(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam_buffer, struct dns_packet *packet, dns_rr_type type,
 						const char *domain, int ttl, int priority, const char *target);
 int dns_HTTPS_add_raw(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned short key, unsigned char *value, unsigned short len);
-int dns_HTTPS_add_port(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned short port);
-int dns_HTTPS_add_alpn(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, const char *alpn);
+/* key 1, alph */
+int dns_HTTPS_add_alpn(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, const char *alpn, int alpn_len);
+/* key 2, no default alph */
 int dns_HTTPS_add_no_default_alpn(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam);
-int dns_HTTPS_add_ipv4hint(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned char addr[][DNS_RR_A_LEN], int addr_num);
-int dns_HTTPS_add_ipv6hint(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned char addr[][DNS_RR_AAAA_LEN], int addr_num);
+/* key 3, port */
+int dns_HTTPS_add_port(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned short port);
+/* key 4, ipv4 */
+int dns_HTTPS_add_ipv4hint(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned char *addr[], int addr_num);
+/* key 5, ech */
 int dns_HTTPS_add_ech(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, void *ech, int ech_len);
+/* key 6, ipv6*/
+int dns_HTTPS_add_ipv6hint(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam, unsigned char *addr[], int addr_num);
 int dns_add_HTTPS_end(struct dns_rr_nested *svcparam);
 
-struct dns_https_param *dns_get_HTTPS_svcparm_start(struct dns_rrs *rrs, char *domain, int maxsize, int *ttl,
-													int *priority, char *target, int target_size);
+int dns_get_HTTPS_svcparm_start(struct dns_rrs *rrs, struct dns_https_param **https_param, char *domain, int maxsize,
+								int *ttl, int *priority, char *target, int target_size);
 struct dns_https_param *dns_get_HTTPS_svcparm_next(struct dns_rrs *rrs, struct dns_https_param *parm);
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/util.c b/src/util.c
index d7546e8..77c5ce0 100644
--- a/src/util.c
+++ b/src/util.c
@@ -1601,10 +1601,11 @@ static int _dns_debug_display(struct dns_packet *packet)
 				char target[DNS_MAX_CNAME_LEN] = {0};
 				struct dns_https_param *p = NULL;
 				int priority = 0;
+				int ret = 0;
 
-				p = dns_get_HTTPS_svcparm_start(rrs, name, DNS_MAX_CNAME_LEN, &ttl, &priority, target,
+				ret = dns_get_HTTPS_svcparm_start(rrs, &p, name, DNS_MAX_CNAME_LEN, &ttl, &priority, target,
 												DNS_MAX_CNAME_LEN);
-				if (p == NULL) {
+				if (ret != 0) {
 					printf("get HTTPS svcparm failed\n");
 					break;
 				}
@@ -1617,7 +1618,23 @@ static int _dns_debug_display(struct dns_packet *packet)
 						printf("  HTTPS: mandatory: %s\n", p->value);
 					} break;
 					case DNS_HTTPS_T_ALPN: {
-						printf("  HTTPS: alpn: %s\n", p->value);
+						char alph[64] = {0};
+						int total_alph_len = 0;
+						char *ptr = (char *)p->value;
+						do {
+							int alphlen = *ptr;
+							memcpy(alph + total_alph_len, ptr + 1, alphlen);
+							total_alph_len += alphlen;
+							ptr += alphlen + 1;
+							alph[total_alph_len] = ',';
+							total_alph_len++;
+							alph[total_alph_len] = ' ';
+							total_alph_len++;
+						} while (ptr - (char *)p->value < p->len);
+						if (total_alph_len > 2) {
+							alph[total_alph_len - 2] = '\0';
+						}
+						printf("  HTTPS: alpn: %s\n", alph);
 					} break;
 					case DNS_HTTPS_T_NO_DEFAULT_ALPN: {
 						printf("  HTTPS: no_default_alpn: %s\n", p->value);